Elementary Teacher Preparation Policy
Content Test Requirements: South Carolina only requires its early childhood education teacher candidates, who are licensed to teach elementary grades through grade 3, to pass
the Praxis Education of Young Children (5024) test, which may assess pedagogy but is not an adequate measure of subject-matter knowledge.
Scientifically Based Reading Instruction: As a condition of initial licensure, South Carolina does not require its early childhood candidates to pass a
reading test addressing the five instructional components of scientifically
based reading instruction. However, South Carolina does require teacher preparation programs for early childhood teacher candidates to address the science of reading. All early childhood teacher candidates are required to
complete a 12 credit hour sequence in literacy that
includes "comprehension, oral language, phonological awareness, phonics,
fluency,
and vocabulary."
Provisional and Emergency Licensure: Because provisional and emergency licensure requirements are scored in Provisional and Emergency Licensure, only the test requirements for the state's initial license are considered as part of this goal.
Require early childhood teacher candidates to pass a subject-matter test designed to ensure sufficient content knowledge of
all subjects.
South Carolina should require all early childhood teacher candidates who teach the
elementary grades to pass a content test with separate passing scores
for each of the core subject areas, including reading/language arts,
mathematics, science and social studies. Although the state requires
appropriate testing for elementary teachers teaching on an elementary
certificate, South Carolina creates a significant loophole by not holding early
childhood teachers who teach elementary grades to the same requirements.
The state's current practice of allowing teachers up through grade 3 to
teach without ever having passed a content test is particularly
worrisome and should be amended.
Require all teacher candidates who teach
elementary grades to pass a rigorous assessment in the science of reading
instruction.
South Carolina should require a rigorous reading assessment tool to ensure that its
early childhood candidates are adequately prepared in the science of reading
instruction before entering the classroom. The assessment should clearly test
knowledge and skills related to the science of reading and address all five
instructional components of scientifically based reading instruction: phonemic
awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. If the test is
combined with an assessment that also tests general pedagogy or elementary
content, it should report a subscore for the science of reading specifically.
Early childhood teachers who do not possess the minimum knowledge in this area
should not be eligible for licensure.
South Carolina recognized the factual accuracy of this analysis. The state noted that proposed amendments to will require candidates
completing educator preparation programs in early childhood, elementary,
and special education to pass a stand-alone test in the area of reading
instruction in order to become certified in South Carolina. In
preparation for this legislation, the state noted that it ensured that
South Carolina was represented on the multi-state standard setting panel
for the new Praxis assessment Teaching Reading: Elementary (5205)
conducted in early 2019, and ETS has subsequently previewed this test
with South Carolina preparation faculty. The state also noted that it will consult with ETS regarding the state's current Praxis assessment Educating Young Children (5024) and request a comparison to Early Childhood Education (5025) which includes sections related to specific subject areas.
NCTQ looks forward to reviewing the state's future progress in polices in this goal.
2D: Elementary Licensure Requirements
Early childhood teachers who teach elementary grades must be ready for the demands of the elementary classroom. Many states have early childhood licenses that include some elementary classroom grades, usually up to grade three.[1] Because teachers with this early childhood license can still teach many elementary grades, they should not be held to a lower bar for subject-matter knowledge than if they held more standard elementary licenses. Given the focus on building students' content knowledge and vocabulary in college- and career-readiness standards,[2] states would put students at risk by not holding all elementary teachers to equivalent standards.[3] That is not to say the license requirements must be identical; there are certainly different focuses in terms of child development and pedagogy. But the idea that content knowledge is only needed by upper-grade elementary teachers is clearly false.
Focus on reading instruction is especially critical for early childhood teachers. Although some states do not ensure that any elementary teachers know the science of how to teach young children to read, in the states where this is a priority, it is inexcusable to hold elementary teachers on an early childhood license to a lower standard. Research is clear that the best defense against reading failure is effective early reading instruction.[4] Therefore, if such licenses are neglecting to meet the needs of the early elementary classroom, of which learning to read is paramount, they are failing to meet one of their most fundamental purposes.