Teacher Preparation Program Accountability:
California

Analysis of California's policies

California's approval process for its traditional and alternate route teacher preparation programs does not hold programs accountable for the quality of the teachers they produce.

Most importantly, California does not collect or report data that connect student achievement gains to teacher preparation programs.

The state does, however, rely on some objective, meaningful data to measure the performance of traditional teacher preparation programs. Institutions must submit biennial reports containing aggregate candidate assessment data. Other types of data reflecting program efficacy that can be included in the reports are retention data and employer survey data. However, it does not appear that these data are mandatory. 

Further, California does not apply any transparent, measurable criteria for conferring program approval. In the past three years, only one program in the state has been identified as low performing—an additional indicator that programs lack accountability.

The state's website does not include a report card that allows the public to review and compare program performance.

In California, there is some overlap of accreditation and state approval. Members of NCATE/CAEP make up the review team and decisions are made jointly; the state members must complete NCATE/CAEP training. California conducts its own program reviews. However, programs or institutions may substitute national accreditation for state approval, if state standards or the equivalent are used. 

Citation

Accreditation http://www.ctc.ca.gov/educator-prep/program-accred.html Biennial Reports http://www.ctc.ca.gov/educator-prep/program-accred-biennial-reports.html Education Code 44374(f) Accreditation Framework http://www.ctc.ca.gov/educator-prep/accred-alignment.html www.ncate.org

Recommendations for California

Collect data that connect student achievement gains to teacher preparation programs. 

As one way to measure whether programs are producing effective classroom teachers, California should consider the academic achievement gains of students taught by programs' graduates, averaged over the first three years of teaching. Data that are aggregated to the institution (e.g., combining elementary and secondary programs) rather than disaggregated to the specific preparation program are not useful for accountability purposes. Such aggregation can mask significant differences in performance among programs.

Gather other meaningful data that reflect program performance. 

Although measures of student growth are an important indicator of program effectiveness, they cannot be the sole measure of program quality for several reasons, including the fact that many programs may have graduates whose students do not take standardized tests. The accountability system must therefore include other objective measures that show how well programs are preparing teachers for the classroom, such as: 

1.    Evaluation results from the first and/or second year of teaching;

2.    Satisfaction ratings by school principals and teacher supervisors of programs' student teachers, using a standardized form to permit program comparison;

3.    Average raw scores of teacher candidates on licensing tests, including academic proficiency, subject matter and professional knowledge tests;

4.    Number of times, on average, it takes teacher candidates to pass licensing tests; and

5.    Five-year retention rates of graduates in the teaching profession.

Establish the minimum standard of performance for each category of data. 

Merely collecting the types of data described above is insufficient for accountability purposes. The next and perhaps more critical step is for the state to establish precise minimum standards for teacher preparation program performance for each category of data. Programs should then be held accountable for meeting these standards, and there should be consequences for failing to do so, including loss of program approval.

Publish an annual report card on the state's website. 

California should produce an annual report card that shows all the data the state collects on individual teacher preparation programs, which should be published on the state's website at the program level for the sake of public transparency. Data should be presented in a manner that clearly conveys whether programs have met performance standards.  

Maintain full authority over the process for approving teacher preparation programs. 

California should ensure that it is the state that considers the evidence of program performance and makes the decision about whether programs should continue to be authorized to prepare teachers. 

State response to our analysis

California recognized the factual accuracy of this analysis.